Ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel impairing toxin (Ryanodine receptor inhibitor)

Channel Ryanodine receptors (RyRs) are ion channels that allow for the release of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic or sarcoplasmic reticulum. They are expressed in many different cell types but are best known for their predominance in skeletal and cardiac myocytes, where they are directly involved in excitation-contraction coupling. RyRs are the largest known ion channel, adopting a homotetrameric structure more than 2000 kDa in mass (Kimlicka and Van Petegem, 2011). Mammals have three RyR isoforms that are widely expressed in a range of both excitable and nonexcitable cells. Despite their prevalence in a variety of tissues, RyR1 is commonly referred to as the skeletal subtype and RyR2 the cardiac subtype. RyR3 was initially discovered in the brain (McPherson and Campbell, 1990) and seems to be the most broadly expressed of the three subtypes (Martin et al., 1998).

Toxin
RyR channels Toxins from different taxa that target RyR channels.
Click on image to retrieve toxins of interest.
Human Snake Scorpion Cone
snail
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anemone
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Ryanodine receptor RyR1 image image image - - - - - image
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Venom protein entries in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

(all links/actions below point to uniprot.org website)

31 entries grouped by species

1 entry

Buthus occitanus israelis (Common yellow scorpion) (Buthus israelis)

CL758_BUTOS Putative calcium channel toxin Tx758 Scorpion calcin-like family

1 entry

Chersonesometrus fulvipes (Indian black scorpion) (Heterometrus fulvipes)

PA2_CHEFU Phospholipase A2 large subunit (HfPLA2) (EC 3.1.1.4) Phospholipase A2 family, Group ...

1 entry

Heloderma horridum horridum (Mexican beaded lizard)

CRVP_HELHO Cysteine-rich venom protein helothermine (CRVP HLTx) CRISP family

1 entry

Hemachatus haemachatus (Rinkhals) (Sepedon haemachatus)

CRVP_HEMHA Cysteine-rich venom protein hematin (CRVP) CRISP family

1 entry

Hemiscorpius lepturus (Scorpion)

CAHEM_HEMLE Hemicalcin (HCa) (HmCa) Scorpion calcin family

1 entry

Heterometrus laoticus (Thai giant scorpion)

PA2_HETLA Phospholipase A2 heteromtoxin (HmTx) [Cleaved into: Heteromtoxin ... Phospholipase A2 family, Group ...

2 entries

Hoffmannihadrurus gertschi (Scorpion) (Hadrurus gertschi)

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CAHAD_HOFGE Hadrucalcin (HdCa) Scorpion calcin family
PA2_HOFGE Phospholipase A2 (HgPLA2) (EC 3.1.1.4) (Group III heterodimeric ... Phospholipase A2 family, Group ...

1 entry

Hormurus waigiensis (Australian rainforest scorpion) (Liocheles waigiensis)

TXS2B_HORWA Phi-liotoxin-Lw1a (Phi-LITX-Lw1a) (U1-liotoxin-Lw1a) ... Not in a family

2 entries

Hottentotta judaicus (Black scorpion) (Buthotus judaicus)

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KAX96_HOTJU Potassium channel toxin alpha-KTx 9.6 (BjTx-1) Short scorpion toxin ...
KAX97_HOTJU Potassium channel toxin alpha-KTx 9.7 (BjTx-2) Short scorpion toxin ...

1 entry

Hottentotta tamulus (Eastern Indian scorpion) (Mesobuthus tamulus)

PA2_HOTTA Phospholipase A2 (MtsPLA2) [Cleaved into: Large subunit (EC ... Phospholipase A2 family, Group ...

1 entry

Liocheles australasiae (Dwarf wood scorpion)

LAIT1_LIOAU Insecticidal toxin LaIT1 Not in a family

1 entry

Lychas mucronatus (Chinese swimming scorpion)

CLKTX_LYCMC Putative calcium channel toxin 196 Scorpion calcin-like family, KTX ...

1 entry

Mesobuthus eupeus (Lesser Asian scorpion) (Buthus eupeus)

CLML_MESEU Neurotoxin lambda-MeuTx (Calcium channel toxin-like peptide-1) Scorpion calcin-like family

1 entry

Mesobuthus martensii (Manchurian scorpion) (Buthus martensii)

CLCA1_MESMA Toxin BmCa-1 (BmKCaTx4) (Calcium channel toxin BmCa1) Scorpion calcin-like family

2 entries

Naja annulifera (Banded Egyptian cobra) (Naja haje annulifera)

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CRVPA_NAJHA Cysteine-rich venom protein annuliferin-a (CRVP) CRISP family
CRVPB_NAJHA Cysteine-rich venom protein annuliferin-b (CRVP) CRISP family

1 entry

Naja atra (Chinese cobra)

"Naja atra" VenomZone page
CRVP1_NAJAT Cysteine-rich venom protein natrin-1 (Cysteine-rich venom ... CRISP family

1 entry

Naja kaouthia (Monocled cobra) (Naja siamensis)

CRVP1_NAJKA Cysteine-rich venom protein kaouthin-1 (Cysteine-rich venom ... CRISP family

1 entry

Naja mossambica (Mozambique spitting cobra)

"Naja mossambica" VenomZone page
CRVP_NAJMO Cysteine-rich venom protein mossambin (CRVP) CRISP family

2 entries

Opistophthalmus carinatus (African yellow leg scorpion)

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CAOP1_OPICA Opicalcin-1 (OpCa1) (Opicalcine-1) Scorpion calcin family
CAOP2_OPICA Opicalcin-2 (OpCa2) (Opicalcine-2) Scorpion calcin family

1 entry

Ovophis okinavensis (Ryukyu Island pit viper) (Trimeresurus okinavensis)

CRVP_OVOOK Cysteine-rich venom protein okinavin (CRVP) CRISP family

2 entries

Pandinus imperator (Emperor scorpion)

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CAIMP_PANIM Imperacalcin (IpCa) (Imperatoxin activator) (Imperatoxin-A) ... Scorpion calcin family
IPTXI_PANIM Phospholipase A2 imperatoxin-1 (Imperatoxin I) (IpTx1) (IpTxi) ... Phospholipase A2 family, Group ...

1 entry

Protobothrops mucrosquamatus (Taiwan habu) (Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus)

CRVP_PROMU Cysteine-rich venom protein (TM-CRVP) CRISP family

1 entry

Scorpio palmatus (Israeli golden scorpion) (Scorpio maurus palmatus)

CAMAU_SCOPA Maurocalcin (MCa) (Maurocalcine) Scorpion calcin family

1 entry

Thorellius intrepidus (Scorpion) (Vaejovis intrepidus)

CAINT_THOIN Intrepicalcin (ViCaTx1) Scorpion calcin family

1 entry

Urodacus yaschenkoi (Inland robust scorpion)

"Urodacus yaschenkoi" VenomZone page
CAURO_UROYA Urocalcin (UrCa) (Calcium-channel toxin-like 20) Scorpion calcin family

1 entry

Vaejovis mexicanus (Mexican scorpion)

CAVEJ_VAEME Vejocalcin (VjCa) Scorpion calcin family