Ionotropic glutamate receptor inhibitor

Receptor Ionotropic glutamate receptors are glutamate-gated nonselective cation channels that allow the flow of potassium, sodium and sometimes calcium ions in response to glutamate binding. Upon binding, the agonist stimulates direct action of the central pore of the receptor, an ion channel, allowing ion flow and causing excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC). This current is depolarizing and, if enough glutamate receptors are activated, may trigger an action potential in the postsynaptic neuron. All the receptors produce excitatory postsynaptic current, but the speed and duration of the current is different for each type.
Based on both molecular and pharmacological criteria ionotropic glutamate receptors have been divided into two major classes, the non-NMDA-class, which includes both AMPA and kainate subtypes of receptors, and the NMDA -class. (Dingledine et al., 1999, Traynelis et al., 2010).
Toxin
Receptor Toxins from different taxa that target receptors.
Click on image to retrieve toxins of interest.
Human Snake Scorpion Cone
snail 		Spider Cnidarian Insect Other All
AMPA receptor
GRIA1 image - - image - - - - image
GRIA2 image - - image - - - - image
GRIA3 image - - image - - - - image
GRIA4 image - - image - - - - image
GRID1 image - - - - - - - -
GRID2 image - - - - - - - -
kainate receptor
GRIK1 image - - - - - - - -
GRIK2 image - - - - - - - -
GRIK3 image - - - - - - - -
GRIK4 image - - - - - - - -
GRIK5 image - - - - - - - -
NMDA receptor
GRIN1 image - - image - - - - image
GRIN2A image - - image - - - - image
GRIN2B image - - image - - - - image
GRIN2C image - - image - - - - image
GRIN2D image - - image - - - - image
GRIN3A image - - - - - - - -
GRIN3B image - - image - - - - image
Glutamate receptor All image - - image image - - - image
Link Back to Pharmacological target
Back to Ion channel impairing toxin
Nomenclature Toxins that target this type of receptor should be named Γ -toxins (GAMMA in upper case) (see King et al., 2008)

Venom protein entries in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

(all links/actions below point to uniprot.org website)

32 entries grouped by family

1 entry

Conotoxin A superfamily

CA1_CONAH Conopeptide-Ac1 (5P1) (5P2) (Conopeptide Ac3.1) ... Conus achatinus (Little frog cone)

13 entries

Conotoxin B superfamily

Select_allDeselect_all
CKBR_CONSL Conantokin-Br (Con-Br) (ConBr) (Conantoxin-S1) ... Conus sulcatus (Sulcate cone)
CKE_CONER Conantokin-E (Con-E) Conus ermineus (Agate cone) (Chelyconus ...
CKG_CONGE Conantokin-G (Con-G) (CGX-1007) (Conotoxin GV) ... Conus geographus (Geography cone) (Nubecula ...

pdb 1AD7; 1AWY; 1ONU; 2DPQ; 2MZL; 2MZM

CKL_CONLY Conantokin-L (Con-L) Conus lynceus (Lynceus cone)
CKP1_CONPI Conantokin-Pr1 (Con-Pr1) Conus parius (Cone snail)
CKP2_CONPI Conantokin-Pr2 (Con-Pr2) Conus parius (Cone snail)
CKP3_CONPI Conantokin-Pr3 (Con-Pr3) Conus parius (Cone snail)
CKP_CONPU Conantokin-P (Con-P) Conus purpurascens (Purple cone)
CKR1A_CONRO Conantokin R1-A (Con R1-A) (ConRl-A) Conus rolani (Cone snail)
CKR1B_CONRO Conantokin Rl-B (Con Rl-B) (ConRl-B) Conus rolani (Cone snail)

pdb 2MYZ; 2MZK; 5TBG; 5TBQ; 5TBR

CKR1C_CONRO Conantokin Rl-C (Con Rl-C) (ConRl-C) Conus rolani (Cone snail)
CKR_CONRA Conantokin-R (Con-R) Conus radiatus (Rayed cone)
CKT_CONTU Conantokin-T (Con-T) Conus tulipa (Fish-hunting cone snail) (Tulip ...

pdb 1ONT; 2DPR

1 entry

Conotoxin M superfamily, Conopeptide Y family

CPY1_CONPO Conopeptide Y-Pl1 (CPY-Pl1) Conus planorbis (Planorbis cone)

12 entries

Neurotoxin 03 (Tx2) family, 05 subfamily

Select_allDeselect_all
TX35A_CTEON U13-ctenitoxin-Co1a (U13-CNTX-Co1a) (Neurotoxin ... Ctenus ornatus (Brazilian spider) (Oligoctenus ...
TX35A_PHOBO GAMMA-ctenitoxin-Pb1a (GAMMA-CNTX-Pb1a) ... Phoneutria boliviensis (Brazilian wandering ...
TX35A_PHOKE U2-ctenitoxin-Pk1a (U2-CNTX-Pk1a) (Neurotoxin ... Phoneutria keyserlingi (Brazilian wandering ...
TX35A_PHONI U1-ctenitoxin-Pn1a (U1-CNTX-Pn1a) (Toxin Pn4B) Phoneutria nigriventer (Brazilian armed spider) ...
TX35A_PHORI Beta/delta-ctenitoxin-Pr1a ... Phoneutria reidyi (Brazilian Amazonian armed ...
TX35B_CTEON U9-ctenitoxin-Co1a (U9-CNTX-Co1a) (Neurotoxin Oc ... Ctenus ornatus (Brazilian spider) (Oligoctenus ...
TX35B_PHONI Delta-ctenitoxin-Pn1b (Delta-CNTX-Pn1b) ... Phoneutria nigriventer (Brazilian armed spider) ...
TX35C_CTEON U15-ctenitoxin-Co1a (U15-CNTX-Co1a) (Neurotoxin ... Ctenus ornatus (Brazilian spider) (Oligoctenus ...
TX35C_PHONI GAMMA-ctenitoxin-Pn1a (GAMMA-CNTX-Pn1a) ... Phoneutria nigriventer (Brazilian armed spider) ...
TX35D_CTEON U1-ctenitoxin-Co1a (U1-CNTX-Co1a) (Neurotoxin Oc ... Ctenus ornatus (Brazilian spider) (Oligoctenus ...
TX35D_PHONI Delta-ctenitoxin-Pn1a (Delta-CNTX-Pn1a) ... Phoneutria nigriventer (Brazilian armed spider) ...
TX35E_CTEON U12-ctenitoxin-Co1a (U12-CNTX-Co1a) (Neurotoxin ... Ctenus ornatus (Brazilian spider) (Oligoctenus ...

5 entries

Not in a family

Select_allDeselect_all
CKC_CONCB Conantokin-Ca2 (Con-Ca2) Conus caracteristicus (Characteristic cone)
CKG_CONGL Conantokin-Gm (Con-Gm) Conus gloriamaris (Glory-of-the-Sea cone)
CKO_CONOH Conantokin-Oc (Con-Oc) Conus ochroleucus (Perfect cone) (Graphiconus ...
CKQ_CONQU Conantokin-Qu (Con-Qu) Conus quercinus (Oak cone)
CONII_CONST Con-ikot-ikot (CII) Conus striatus (Striated cone)

pdb 4U5B; 4U5C; 4U5D; 4U5E; 4U5F; 4U5G; 4U5H