G-protein coupled receptor impairing toxin ~ VenomZone page

Receptor G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are membrane proteins constituted of seven transmembrane segments linked by three external and three internal loops. GPCRs constitute the largest family of membrane proteins. They transduce external stimuli into the cell and control almost all physiological processes in humans (Jacoby et al., 2006 ).

Toxin G-protein coupled receptor impairing toxins can be divided into two families. The first family mimics the natural agonists of the targeted receptor: vasopressin/oxytocin (see cone snail conopressins ), endothelin (see snake sarafotoxins ) and neurotensin (see cone snail contulakins ). The second family consists of highly reticulated toxins with folds that are unrelated to any natural ligands and regroups all other GPCR impairing toxins.

Receptor families	Receptor	Venom proteins that target receptors. Click on to retrieve receptors and toxins of interest.
	Human	Snake	Scorpion	Cone snail	Spider	Cnidarian	Insect	Other	All
Adrenergic receptor					-	-	-
Bradykinin receptor				-		-		-
Cholecystokinin receptor		-	-	-	-	-	-
Endothelin receptor			-	-	-	-	-	-
Dopamine receptor			-	-	-	-	-	-
Glucagon-like peptide receptor		-	-	-	-	-	-
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor			-	-	-	-	-	-
Neurotensin receptor		-	-		-	-	-	-
Opioid receptor				-	-	-	-	-
Somatostatin receptor		-	-		-	-	-	-
Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor		-	-	-	-	-	-
Vasopressin/oxytocin receptor		-	-		-	-	-	-
GPCR All						-

G-protein coupled receptor impairing toxin (GPCR regulator)

Venom protein entries in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

AVIT (prokineticin) family

Bradykinin inhibitor peptide family

Bradykinin-potentiating peptide family

Bradykinin-potentiating peptide family; Natriuretic peptide family

Bradykinin-potentiating peptide family; PHpG family; Natriuretic peptide family

Bradykinin-related peptide family

Cationic peptide 01 (latrotoxin) family, 03 (alpha-latrotoxin) subfamily

Conotoxin A superfamily

Conotoxin C superfamily

Conotoxin T superfamily

Endothelin/sarafotoxin family

FARP (FMRFamide related peptide) family

Gastrin/cholecystokinin family

Glucagon family

Long (3 C-C) scorpion toxin superfamily

Natriuretic peptide family

Non-disulfide-bridged peptide (NDBP) superfamily

Not in a family

Opioid neuropeptide precursor family

Phospholipase A2 family, Group I subfamily, D49 sub-subfamily

Phospholipase A2 family, Group II subfamily, D49 sub-subfamily

Snake three-finger toxin family

Snake three-finger toxin family, Non-conventional subfamily, Orphan group II sub-subfamily

Snake three-finger toxin family, Non-conventional subfamily, Orphan group V sub-subfamily

Snake three-finger toxin family, Non-conventional subfamily, Orphan group XVII sub-subfamily

Snake three-finger toxin family, Short-chain subfamily, Aminergic toxin sub-subfamily

Snake three-finger toxin family, Short-chain subfamily, Orphan group VIII (haditoxin) sub-subfamily

Snake three-finger toxin family, Short-chain subfamily, Type B muscarinic toxin sub-subfamily

Snake three-finger toxin family, Short-chain subfamily, Type C muscarinic toxin sub-subfamily

SNTX/VTX toxin family

Vasopressin/oxytocin family

Venom Kunitz-type family