Ionotropic glutamate receptor inhibitor

Receptor Ionotropic glutamate receptors are glutamate-gated nonselective cation channels that allow the flow of potassium, sodium and sometimes calcium ions in response to glutamate binding. Upon binding, the agonist stimulates direct action of the central pore of the receptor, an ion channel, allowing ion flow and causing excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC). This current is depolarizing and, if enough glutamate receptors are activated, may trigger an action potential in the postsynaptic neuron. All the receptors produce excitatory postsynaptic current, but the speed and duration of the current is different for each type.
Based on both molecular and pharmacological criteria ionotropic glutamate receptors have been divided into two major classes, the non-NMDA-class, which includes both AMPA and kainate subtypes of receptors, and the NMDA -class. (Dingledine et al., 1999, Traynelis et al., 2010).
Toxin
Receptor Toxins from different taxa that target receptors.
Click on image to retrieve toxins of interest.
Human Snake Scorpion Cone
snail 		Spider Cnidarian Insect Other All
AMPA receptor
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kainate receptor
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NMDA receptor
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Link Back to Pharmacological target
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Nomenclature Toxins that target this type of receptor should be named Γ -toxins (GAMMA in upper case) (see King et al., 2008)

Venom protein entries in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

(all links/actions below point to uniprot.org website)

32 entries grouped by species

1 entry

Conus achatinus (Little frog cone)

CA1_CONAH Conopeptide-Ac1 (5P1) (5P2) (Conopeptide Ac3.1) (Conotoxin-Ac1) ... Conotoxin A superfamily

1 entry

Conus caracteristicus (Characteristic cone)

CKC_CONCB Conantokin-Ca2 (Con-Ca2) Not in a family

1 entry

Conus ermineus (Agate cone) (Chelyconus ermineus)

CKE_CONER Conantokin-E (Con-E) Conotoxin B superfamily

1 entry

Conus geographus (Geography cone) (Nubecula geographus)

CKG_CONGE Conantokin-G (Con-G) (CGX-1007) (Conotoxin GV) (Sleeper peptide) Conotoxin B superfamily

pdb 1AD7; 1AWY; 1ONU; 2DPQ; 2MZL; 2MZM

1 entry

Conus gloriamaris (Glory-of-the-Sea cone)

CKG_CONGL Conantokin-Gm (Con-Gm) Not in a family

1 entry

Conus lynceus (Lynceus cone)

CKL_CONLY Conantokin-L (Con-L) Conotoxin B superfamily

1 entry

Conus ochroleucus (Perfect cone) (Graphiconus ochroleucus)

CKO_CONOH Conantokin-Oc (Con-Oc) Not in a family

3 entries

Conus parius (Cone snail)

Select_allDeselect_all
CKP1_CONPI Conantokin-Pr1 (Con-Pr1) Conotoxin B superfamily
CKP2_CONPI Conantokin-Pr2 (Con-Pr2) Conotoxin B superfamily
CKP3_CONPI Conantokin-Pr3 (Con-Pr3) Conotoxin B superfamily

1 entry

Conus planorbis (Planorbis cone)

CPY1_CONPO Conopeptide Y-Pl1 (CPY-Pl1) Conotoxin M superfamily, ...

1 entry

Conus purpurascens (Purple cone)

CKP_CONPU Conantokin-P (Con-P) Conotoxin B superfamily

1 entry

Conus quercinus (Oak cone)

CKQ_CONQU Conantokin-Qu (Con-Qu) Not in a family

1 entry

Conus radiatus (Rayed cone)

CKR_CONRA Conantokin-R (Con-R) Conotoxin B superfamily

3 entries

Conus rolani (Cone snail)

Select_allDeselect_all
CKR1A_CONRO Conantokin R1-A (Con R1-A) (ConRl-A) Conotoxin B superfamily
CKR1B_CONRO Conantokin Rl-B (Con Rl-B) (ConRl-B) Conotoxin B superfamily

pdb 2MYZ; 2MZK; 5TBG; 5TBQ; 5TBR

CKR1C_CONRO Conantokin Rl-C (Con Rl-C) (ConRl-C) Conotoxin B superfamily

1 entry

Conus striatus (Striated cone)

CONII_CONST Con-ikot-ikot (CII) Not in a family

pdb 4U5B; 4U5C; 4U5D; 4U5E; 4U5F; 4U5G; 4U5H

1 entry

Conus sulcatus (Sulcate cone)

CKBR_CONSL Conantokin-Br (Con-Br) (ConBr) (Conantoxin-S1) (Con-S1) Conotoxin B superfamily

1 entry

Conus tulipa (Fish-hunting cone snail) (Tulip cone)

CKT_CONTU Conantokin-T (Con-T) Conotoxin B superfamily

pdb 1ONT; 2DPR

5 entries

Ctenus ornatus (Brazilian spider) (Oligoctenus ornatus)

Select_allDeselect_all
TX35A_CTEON U13-ctenitoxin-Co1a (U13-CNTX-Co1a) (Neurotoxin Oc M14-9) Neurotoxin 03 (Tx2) family, 05 ...
TX35B_CTEON U9-ctenitoxin-Co1a (U9-CNTX-Co1a) (Neurotoxin Oc FU-18) Neurotoxin 03 (Tx2) family, 05 ...
TX35C_CTEON U15-ctenitoxin-Co1a (U15-CNTX-Co1a) (Neurotoxin Oc M33-7) Neurotoxin 03 (Tx2) family, 05 ...
TX35D_CTEON U1-ctenitoxin-Co1a (U1-CNTX-Co1a) (Neurotoxin Oc F17-11) Neurotoxin 03 (Tx2) family, 05 ...
TX35E_CTEON U12-ctenitoxin-Co1a (U12-CNTX-Co1a) (Neurotoxin Oc M14-5) Neurotoxin 03 (Tx2) family, 05 ...

1 entry

Phoneutria boliviensis (Brazilian wandering spider)

TX35A_PHOBO GAMMA-ctenitoxin-Pb1a (GAMMA-CNTX-Pb1a) (Ctenitoxin-Pb53) Neurotoxin 03 (Tx2) family, 05 ...

1 entry

Phoneutria keyserlingi (Brazilian wandering spider) (Ctenus keyserlingii)

TX35A_PHOKE U2-ctenitoxin-Pk1a (U2-CNTX-Pk1a) (Neurotoxin PKTx20C2) Neurotoxin 03 (Tx2) family, 05 ...

4 entries

Phoneutria nigriventer (Brazilian armed spider) (Ctenus nigriventer)

Select_allDeselect_all
TX35A_PHONI U1-ctenitoxin-Pn1a (U1-CNTX-Pn1a) (Toxin Pn4B) Neurotoxin 03 (Tx2) family, 05 ...
TX35B_PHONI Delta-ctenitoxin-Pn1b (Delta-CNTX-Pn1b) (Neurotoxin PnTx4-3) Neurotoxin 03 (Tx2) family, 05 ...
TX35C_PHONI GAMMA-ctenitoxin-Pn1a (GAMMA-CNTX-Pn1a) (Insecticidal neurotoxin ... Neurotoxin 03 (Tx2) family, 05 ...
TX35D_PHONI Delta-ctenitoxin-Pn1a (Delta-CNTX-Pn1a) (Insecticidal neurotoxin ... Neurotoxin 03 (Tx2) family, 05 ...

1 entry

Phoneutria reidyi (Brazilian Amazonian armed spider) (Ctenus reidyi)

TX35A_PHORI Beta/delta-ctenitoxin-Pr1a (Beta/delta-CNTX-Pr1a) ... Neurotoxin 03 (Tx2) family, 05 ...